U-Maya Lin uye wanikezela umsebenzi wakhe weminyaka engu-40+ ekwenzeni ubuciko okwenza umbukeli asabele noma, njengoba ebeka, enze abantu "bayeke ukucabanga futhi bazizwe nje".
Kusukela kumaphrojekthi akhe okuqala emisebenzi yobuciko evusa amadlingozi egumbini lakhe lokulala lase-Ohio esemncane, kuya kumaphrojekthi amaningi amakhulu, amatshe esikhumbuzo kanye nezikhumbuzo ezenzeka phakathi namashumi eminyaka, okuhlanganisa nesithombe esibaziwe sikaYale somphakathi esithi “Ithebula Lokudlela Labesifazane, Lahn.” I-Ston Hughes Library e-Tennessee, ukufakwa kwe-Haunted Forest eNew York, umbhoshongo wensimbi wamamitha angu-60 e-Guangdong, e-China, ubuhle buka-Lin bugxile ekudaleni ukusebenzisana ngokomzwelo phakathi komsebenzi wakhe nesibukeli.
Engxoxweni ngevidiyo ethi, “UMaya Lin, Ngamazwi Akhe,” ekhiqizwe yiNational Portrait Gallery yeSmithsonian Institution, uLin uthe kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlobana nomsebenzi wokudala: eyodwa ingeyengqondo kanti enye ingeyezengqondo, azinika yona. ikhetha i-Path of Discovery. .
“Kufana nokuthi, yeka ukucabanga uzizwe nje. Kucishe kube sengathi ukumunca ngesikhumba sakho. Ukumunca kakhulu ngokwengqondo, okungukuthi, ezingeni lokuzwelana,” kusho uLim ngendlela acabanga ngayo ukuthuthuka kobuciko bakhe. Isho uyibuyisele. “Ngakho-ke engikwenzayo ngizama ukuba nengxoxo esondelene kakhulu nomuntu oyedwa nabalaleli.”
U-Lin uphumelele ekudaleni izingxoxo kusukela aqala umsebenzi wakhe ngo-1981, efundela i-architecture e-Yale University. eWashington, DC.
Umbono omangalisayo ka-Lin wesikhumbuzo uqale wahlangatshezwana nokugxekwa kabuhlungu okuvela emaqenjini omakadebona nabanye, okuhlanganisa namalungu eCongress athambekele kwisitayela sendabuko. Kodwa umfundi wezokwakha wahlala enganyakazi ezinhlosweni zakhe zokuklama.
URobert Doubek, umqondisi wohlelo eVietnam Veterans Memorial, uthe uyakwazisa ukuzethemba kukaLin futhi ukhumbula indlela umfundi osemusha “ohlaba umxhwele kakhulu” azimela ngayo ezingxoxweni zenhlangano futhi wavikela ubuqotho bomklamo wakhe. Namuhla, lesi sikhumbuzo esimise okwe-V sigujwa kabanzi, sinezivakashi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 ngonyaka, iningi lazo elisithatha njengohambo olungcwele futhi lishiya izinhlamvu ezincane, izindondo, nezithombe zenkumbulo yemindeni nabangane babo abalahlekile.
Kusukela ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe womphakathi, umculi ophayona uqhubekile nokumangaza abalandeli, abaculi abakanye naye, ngisho nabaholi bomhlaba ngezimangaliso zakhe.
Ngo-2016, uMongameli u-Barack Obama waklomelisa u-Lyn ngeNdondo kaMongameli Yenkululeko ngomsebenzi wakhe omuhle kakhulu wobuciko nezakhiwo emkhakheni wamalungelo abantu, amalungelo omphakathi, kanye nemvelo.
U-Lining, oncamela ukugcina ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe kwangaphakathi kuyimfihlo futhi egwema abezindaba, okuhlanganisa ne-Smithsonian Magazine, manje useyisihloko sombukiso wokuphila komuntu onikezelwe kumklami nomqophi. I-“One Life: I-Maya Lin” e-National Portrait Gallery ye-Smithsonian Institution ikuyisa emsebenzini othuthukayo ka-Lin, onezithombe eziningi zomndeni nezikhumbuzo kusukela ebuntwaneni bakhe, kanye neqoqo lamamodeli e-3D, ama-sketchbook, imidwebo, izithombe eziqoshiwe, nezithombe. ehambisana naye. impilo. Indlela yeciko ingemuva kwemiklamo ephawulekayo.
UDorothy Moss, umgqugquzeli wemibukiso, uthe waqala ukuhlangana no-Lin lapho umnyuziyamu uqala ukuthumela izithombe zomculi ukuhlonipha amagalelo akhe emlandweni waseMelika, isiko, ubuciko kanye nezakhiwo. Izithombe ezincane ze-3D ezidalwe umculi u-Karin Sander ngo-2014 - ukuskena kwemibala ka-Lin, owenza ukuphrinta okungekona okwesiko kwe-2D ne-3D, ethatha izigidi zezithombe ezizungezile zomculi - nazo ziyaboniswa.
Umuzwa wokuthi uLin usonqenqemeni ubonakala esithombeni sika-Sander. U-Lin uthi lo mbono wempilo ngokuphambene uvezwe emibhalweni yakhe eminingi.
“Mhlawumbe kungenxa yemvelaphi yami yaseMpumalanga-Ntshonalanga, ukwenza izinto zibe semngceleni; ingabe le sayensi? Ingabe ubuciko? Ingabe iMpumalanga? Ingabe iNtshonalanga? Ingabe iqinile noma iwuketshezi? Kusho uLin Zai engxoxweni abe nayo nomnyuziyamu.
UMoss uthe wayithakasela indaba kaLin ngemuva kokufunda ngemvelaphi yalo mculi nendlela akhule ngayo emndenini wamaShayina kuphela endaweni. “Uyazi, ngaqala ukucabanga ukuthi njengendodakazi yabafuduki ababili abangamaShayina abakhulele emaphandleni ase-Ohio, kungaba kuhle ukuxoxa indaba yakhe bese siphishekela lo msebenzi omuhle kangaka. Ngahlangana naye kanjalo,” kusho uMoh.
“Siwumndeni obumbene ngempela futhi bawumndeni ojwayelekile wokufika futhi bashiya izinto eziningi ngemuva. China? “Abazange bakuveze,” kusho uLin, kodwa waba nomuzwa “ohlukile” kubazali bakhe.
Ingxenye yochungechunge lwango-2006 oluphathelene nezimpilo zosaziwayo okuhlanganisa u-Dolores Huerta, Babe Ruth, Marian Anderson, kanye no-Sylvia Plath, umbukiso we-One Life uwumbukiso wokuqala womnyuziyamu onikezelwe kubantu base-Asian American.
“Indlela esibeke ngayo umbukiso weLifetime ihambisana cishe nokulandelana kwezikhathi, ukuze ukwazi ukubheka ubuntwana, amathonya asekuqaleni, kanye neminikelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi,” kusho uMoss.
U-Lin wazalwa ngo-1959 kuHenry Huang Lin noJulia Chang Lin. Ubaba wakhe wathuthela e-United States ngawo-1940 futhi waba umbumbi ophumelelayo ngemva kokufunda izitsha zobumba eNyuvesi yaseWashington lapho ahlangana khona nomkakhe uJulia. Ngonyaka wokuzalwa kukaLin, bathuthela e-Athene. UHenry wafundisa izitsha zobumba e-Ohio University futhi wagcina esengumphathi weSikole Sezobuciko Ezinhle. Lo mbukiso unomsebenzi ongenasihloko kayise.
U-Lin utshele umnyuziyamu ukuthi ubuciko bukayise baba nethonya elikhulu kuye. “Zonke izitsha esizidlayo zenziwe nguye: izitsha zobumba ezihlobene nemvelo, imibala yemvelo nezinto zokwakha. Ngakho-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi ukuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke kugcwele lokhu okuhlanzekile kakhulu, kwesimanje, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ubuhle obufudumele kakhulu, obubaluleke kakhulu kimi. Umthelela omkhulu.”
Imithelela yakuqala evela kubuciko besimanje obuncane ngokuvamile ilukwa ekwakhiweni nasezintweni zika-Lin. Kusukela kumodeli yakhe ephefumulelwe yi-sundial ye-1987 Alabama Civil Rights Memorial kuya emidwebeni yemiklamo emikhulu neyomphakathi, njengokulungiswa kwesakhiwo esingokomlando sika-1903 Smith College Library eNorthampton, Massachusetts, izivakashi ezihambele umbukiso zingajabulela ukujula kuka-Lin- izinkulumo ezihlezi zamasu wendawo.
U-Lin ukhumbula amathuluzi okunika amandla awathola ethonyeni labazali bakhe, kuyise, amandla amakhulu okholo, nakunina, owamkhuthaza ukuba aphishekele izinkanuko zakhe. Ngokusho kwakhe lesi yisipho esingandile kwabesifazane abasebasha.
“Ikakhulukazi, umama wanginika lawa mandla angempela ngoba umsebenzi wawubaluleke kakhulu kuye. Ubengumbhali. Ubekuthanda ukufundisa futhi ngazizwa sengathi kunginike lawo mandla kusukela ngosuku lokuqala,” kuchaza uLin.
UJulia Chan Lin, njengomyeni wakhe, ungumdwebi nothisha. Ngakho lapho uLin ethola ithuba lokubuyekeza umtapo wolwazi kamama wakhe, wezwa ukuthi idizayini yezakhiwo iseduze nasekhaya.
"Awuvamisile ukuya nayo ekhaya," kusho uLin ngemuva kokuthi kuvulwe kabusha i-Smith Nelson Library ngo-2021.
Izithombe ezisembukisweni zibonisa isakhiwo somtapo wolwazi esinamazinga amaningi, esakhiwe ingxube yamatshe endawo, ingilazi, insimbi nokhuni, okuhambisana nefa lesikhungo sokwakha.
Ngaphezu kokuthola ugqozi olusuka emlandweni wokudala womndeni wakhe obuyela ku-anti wakhe, imbongi edume umhlaba wonke u-Lin Huiyin, uMaya Lin uphinde amncome ngokuchitha isikhathi edlala ngaphandle ngenkathi ehlola indawo eseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Ohio.
Injabulo ayithola emagqumeni, emifudlaneni, emahlathini nasemagqumeni angemva kwekhaya lakhe e-Ohio yagcwalisa bonke ubuntwana bakhe.
“Mayelana nobuciko, ngingangena ngaphakathi ekhanda lami ngenze noma yini engiyifunayo futhi ngikhululeke ngokuphelele. Kubuyela emuva ezimpandeni zami e-Athens, e-Ohio, izimpande zami emvelweni nendlela engizizwa ngixhumeke ngayo endaweni engizungezile. ukukhuthazwa yindalo futhi ubonise lobo buhle kwabanye abantu,” kusho uLin engxoxweni yevidiyo.
Izinhlobo eziningi nemiklamo yakhe idlulisa izici ezixhumene zemvelo, izilwane zasendle, isimo sezulu nobuciko, ezinye zazo ezivezwe embukisweni.
Isithombe sika-Lin esiklanywe ngobunono senyamazane encane eyisiliva kusukela ngo-1976 sihambisana nesithombe sikaLyn sika-1993 sase-Groundswell, esakhiwe e-Ohio, lapho akhetha khona amathani angama-45 engilazi yokuphepha ephukile ephinde yasebenza ngenxa yombala wayo. I-crease ensimini eNew Zealand nezithombe zokuhumusha kuka-Linh uMfula i-Hudson esebenzisa insimbi. Ngamunye uyisibonelo esivelele somsebenzi okhathalela imvelo uLin asebenze kanzima ukuze awudale.
ULin uthe waba nothando lokuvikela imvelo esemncane, yingakho azibophezele ukwakha itshe lesikhumbuzo likaMama Wendalo.
Manje leso sithembiso siyaqhakaza kulokho uMoss akubiza ngokuthi isikhumbuzo semvelo sakamuva sika-Ringling: uchungechunge olusekelwe kwisayensi olubizwa ngokuthi “Yini Eshodayo?”
Le phrojekthi yemultimedia yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu enamakhasi amaningi iyingxenye yombukiso lapho izivakashi zingaqopha khona izinkumbulo zezindawo ezikhethekile ezilahlekile ngenxa yokulimala kwemvelo futhi zizibeke emakhadini e-vinyl.
“Ubenentshisekelo enkulu yokuqoqa imininingwane, kodwa wabe esehlinzeka ngolwazi lokuthi yini esingayenza ukuze siguqule indlela yethu yokuphila futhi siyeke ukulinyazwa kwemvelo,” kuqhubeka uMoss. “NjengeVietnam Veterans Memorial kanye neSikhumbuzo Samalungelo Abantu, waxhumana naye ngozwela, wenza leli khadi lesikhumbuzo ukuze silikhumbule.”
NgokukaFrida Lee Mok, umqondisi wedokhumentari eyawina umklomelo ka-1994 ethi Maya Lin: Powerful Clear Vision, imiklamo ka-Lin mihle futhi iyamangaza, futhi umsebenzi ngamunye ka-Lin ubonisa ukuzwela okwedlulele kumongo nendawo ezungezile.
“Uyamangalisa futhi uma ucabanga ngalokho akwenzayo, ukwenza ngokuthula nangendlela yakhe,” kusho uMock. “Akafuni ukunakwa kodwa ngaso leso sikhathi abantu beza kuyena ngoba bazi ukuthi uzolisebenzisa ithuba nethalente, ikhono analo, nalokhu engikubonile, sibonile sonke. . , kuyoba okumangalisayo. .
Phakathi kwabeze ukuzombona kukhona nowayenguMengameli uBarack Obama, owathuma uLean ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ukuba abaze umshini wokufaka ubuciko, i-Seeing Through the Universe, ezingadini zeChicago Presidential Library and Museum yakhe. Umsebenzi unikezelwe kunina, u-Ann Dunham. Ukufakwa kukaLean, umthombo omaphakathi Nengadi Yokuthula, “kuzothwebula [umama] njenganoma yini enye,” kusho u-Obama, omunye umuntu, indalo ezwelayo, kanye nemvelo yeciko elidumile.
Ukuphila konke: Ihlathi le-Maya lizovulelwa umphakathi ku-National Portrait Gallery ngo-April 16, 2023.
U-Briana A. Thomas ungusomlando, intatheli, kanye nomqondisi wokuvakasha ozinze eWashington, DC ogxile ezifundweni zase-Afrika-America. Ungumbhali weBlack Broadway, incwadi yomlando omnyama eWashington, DC
© 2022 Smithsonian Magazine Isitatimende Sobumfihlo Inqubomgomo Yekhukhi Imigomo Yokusetshenziswa Isaziso Sokukhangisa Phatha Izilungiselelo Zekhukhie Yedatha Yami
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-28-2022
