UMaya Lin uzinikezele iminyaka engama-40 + ekudaleni ubugcisa obenza umbukeli aphendule okanye, njengoko ebeka, enze abantu "bayeke ukucinga kwaye bazive nje".
Ukusukela kwiiprojekthi zakhe zokuqala zokwenza umsebenzi wobugcisa kwigumbi lakhe lokulala lase-Ohio esengumntwana, ukuya kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ezinkulu, izikhumbuzo kunye nezikhumbuzo eziye zaqondwa kule minyaka ingamashumi eminyaka, kubandakanya umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaYale kawonke-wonke othi "Itafile yokuDla yabasetyhini, uLahn." Ithala leencwadi laseSton Hughes eTennessee, ukufakwa kweHaunted Forest eNew York, i-60-foot bell tower eGuangdong, eChina, ubuhle bukaLin bugxile ekudaleni intsebenziswano yeemvakalelo phakathi komsebenzi wakhe kunye nombukeli.
Kudliwanondlebe lwevidiyo, "uMaya Lin, Ngamazwi Akhe," eveliswe yiNational Portrait Gallery yeSmithsonian Institution, uLin uthe zimbini iindlela zokunxibelelanisa nomsebenzi wokudala: enye yengqondo kwaye enye yezengqondo, ayenzileyo. ikhetha iNdlela yokuFumana. .
“Kufana nokuthi, yeka ukucinga kwaye uzive nje. Ingathi uyifunxa ngolusu lwakho. Uyifunxa ngakumbi kwinqanaba lezengqondo, oko kukuthi, kwinqanaba lovelwano, ”utsho uLim malunga nendlela acinga ngayo ukukhula kobugcisa bakhe. Yitsho ubuyise. “Ke into endiyenzayo kukuzama ukuba nencoko esondeleleneyo nomntu omnye nabaphulaphuli.”
U-Lin uye wagqwesa ekudaleni iincoko ukusukela oko waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngo-1981, efundela ubuchwephesha bokwakha kwiYunivesithi yaseYale. eWashington, DC.
Umbono ochukumisayo kaLin wesikhumbuzo waqala wadibana nokugxekwa kabukhali okuvela kumaqela amagqala kunye nabanye, kubandakanya namalungu eNkongolo athe ngenye indlela atsaleleka kwisitayile semveli. Kodwa umfundi wezokwakha wahlala engagungqi kwiinjongo zakhe zoyilo.
URobert Doubek, umlawuli wenkqubo kwiSikhumbuzo samaVeterans eVietnam, uthe uyakuncoma ukuzithemba kukaLin kwaye ukhumbula indlela umfundi oselula “onomtsalane” azimela ngayo kwiingxoxo zombutho kwaye wakhusela ukuthembeka koyilo lwakhe. Namhlanje, isikhumbuzo esifana ne-V sibhiyozelwa ngokubanzi, kunye nabatyeleli abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 ngonyaka, abaninzi babo bacinga ukuba luhambo kwaye bashiya iileta ezincinci, iimbasa kunye neefoto bekhumbula iintsapho zabo ezilahlekileyo kunye nabahlobo.
Ukusukela ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe woluntu, igcisa elinguvulindlela liqhubekile nokumangalisa abalandeli, amagcisa angoogxa bakhe, kunye neenkokeli zehlabathi ngemimangaliso yakhe.
Ngo-2016, uMongameli uBarack Obama wawonga u-Lyn ngeMbasa kaMongameli yeNkululeko ngomsebenzi wakhe obalaseleyo wobugcisa kunye nolwakhiwo kwiinkalo zamalungelo oluntu, amalungelo oluntu, kunye nokusingqongileyo.
I-Lining, okhetha ukugcina ubuninzi bobomi bakhe bangaphakathi buyimfihlo kwaye ugweme imidiya, kuquka i-Smithsonian Magazine, ngoku ngumxholo womboniso we-biographical ozinikele kumyili kunye nomdwebi. "Ubomi obunye: uMaya Lin" kwiGalari yeSizwe yeMifanekiso yeSmithsonian Institution ikuthatha ikuqhubele phambili kumsebenzi ka-Lin oguquguqukayo, eneefoto ezininzi zosapho kunye neenkumbulo ukusuka ebuntwaneni bakhe, kunye nengqokelela yeemodeli ze-3D, iincwadi zemizobo, imizobo, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, kunye neefoto. ebonisa yena. ubomi. Indlela yegcisa isemva koyilo oluthile oluphawulekayo.
UDorothy Moss, umququzeleli wemiboniso, uthe waqala ukudibana noLin xa imyuziyam yaqala ukuthumela imifanekiso yegcisa ukuba lihloniphe igalelo lakhe kwimbali yaseMelika, inkcubeko, ubugcisa kunye nezakhiwo. Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ye-3D encinci eyenziwe ngumculi u-Karin Sander ngo-2014 - izikena zemibala ye-Lin, owenza i-2D engeyiyo yendabuko kunye noshicilelo lwe-3D, ethatha izigidi zeefoto ezingqongileyo zomculi - nazo ziyaboniswa.
Imvakalelo yokuba uLin usemphethweni ibonakala kumfanekiso kaSander. U-Lin uthi le mbono yobomi kwizinto ezichaseneyo ichazwe kwiincwadi zakhe ezininzi.
“Mhlawumbi kungenxa yelifa lam laseMpuma-Ntshona, ukwenza izinto emdeni; yinzululwazi le? Ngaba bubugcisa? Ngaba yiMpuma? Ngaba yiNtshona? Ingaba luqinile okanye lulwelo? U-Lin Zai uthe kudliwanondlebe nemyuziyam.
UMoss uthe waba nomdla kwibali likaLin emva kokufunda malunga nelifa lentsapho yomculi kunye nendlela akhule ngayo kwintsapho yaseTshayina kuphela ebumelwaneni. “Uyazi, ndiye ndacinga ukuba njengentombi yabaphambukeli ababini baseTshayina abakhulele ezilalini eOhio, kuya kuba kuhle ukubalisa ibali lakhe emva koko ndenze lo msebenzi umangalisayo. Ndadibana naye ngolo hlobo,” utshilo uMoh.
“Silusapho olusondelelene ngokwenene kwaye baluhlobo lwentsapho eqhelekileyo yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kwaye bashiya izinto ezininzi ngasemva. eTshayina? “Abazange bayive,” watsho uLin, kodwa waziva “eyahlukileyo” kubazali bakhe.
Inxalenye yochungechunge luka-2006 ngobomi babantu abadumileyo abaquka uDolores Huerta, Babe Ruth, Marian Anderson, kunye noSylvia Plath, umboniso weOne Life ngumboniso wokuqala wemyuziyam onikezelwe kubantu baseAsia baseMelika.
“Indlela esiwubeke ngayo umboniso weLifetime ilandelana ngokulandelelana kweziganeko, ukuze ukwazi ukujonga ubuntwana, iimpembelelo zakuqala, kunye negalelo ekuhambeni kwexesha,” utshilo uMoss.
U-Lin wazalwa ngo-1959 nguHenry Huang Lin noJulia Chang Lin. Utata wakhe wafudukela eUnited States ngeminyaka yoo-1940 kwaye waba ngumbumbi ophumeleleyo emva kokufunda izinto zobumba kwiDyunivesithi yaseWashington apho wadibana nenkosikazi yakhe uJulia. Ngonyaka wokuzalwa kukaLin, bafudukela eAthene. UHenry wafundisa izinto zobumba kwiYunivesithi yaseOhio kwaye ekugqibeleni waba ngumphathi weSikolo soBugcisa obuLungileyo. Lo mboniso ubonisa umsebenzi ongenasihloko owenziwa nguyise.
U-Lin uxelele imyuziyam ukuba ubugcisa bukayise buyimpembelelo enkulu kuye. “Isitya ngasinye esisityayo senziwe nguye: iiseramikhi ezinxulumene nendalo, imibala yendalo kunye nemathiriyeli. Ngoko ke, ndicinga ukuba ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla bugcwele le nto icocekileyo kakhulu, yanamhlanje, kodwa kwangaxeshanye i-aesthetic efudumele kakhulu, ebaluleke kakhulu kum. Impembelelo enkulu. "
Iimpembelelo zakuqala ezivela kwi-minimalist art contemporary zihlala zilukwa kwiingoma zikaLin kunye nezinto. Ukusuka kwimodeli yakhe ephefumlelweyo ye-sundial yeSikhumbuzo samaLungelo oLuntu e-Alabama ka-1987 ukuya kwimizobo yeeprojekthi ezinkulu zoyilo kunye nezoluntu, ezinjengokulungiswa kwesakhiwo esiyimbali sika-1903 Smith College Library eNorthampton, Massachusetts, iindwendwe kumboniso zinokufumana i-Lin's deep- intetho ehleliyo yobuchule bendawo.
ULin ukhumbula izixhobo zokuxhotyiswa awazifumana kwimpembelelo yabazali bakhe, kuyise, amandla amakhulu okholo, nakunina, owamkhuthaza ukuba asukele iminqweno yakhe. Ngokutsho kwakhe, esi sisipho esinqabileyo kubasetyhini abancinci.
Ngokukodwa, umama wandinika la mandla okwenene kuba umsebenzi wawubaluleke kakhulu kuye. Wayengumbhali. Ebekuthanda ukufundisa kwaye bendiziva ngathi kundinika laa mandla ukusuka kusuku lokuqala,” ucacise watsho uLin.
UJulia Chan Lin, njengomyeni wakhe, ngumculi kunye nomfundisi. Ke xa uLin wafumana ithuba lokuhlaziya ithala leencwadi likamama wakhe, waziva ukuba uyilo loyilo lukufutshane nekhaya.
“Akufane ubuye nayo ekhaya,” utshilo uLin emva kokuba iThala leencwadi likaSmith Nelson livulwe kwakhona ngo-2021.
Imifanekiso ekulo mboniso ibonisa isakhiwo sethala leencwadi esinamanqanaba amaninzi, esenziwe ngumxube wamatye asekuhlaleni, iglasi, isinyithi kunye nemithi, encedisana nelifa lemveli lekhampasi.
Ukongeza ekutsaleni inkuthazo kwilifa losapho lwakhe lokuyila ebuyela kuninakazi, imbongi eyaziwayo kwihlabathi u-Lin Huiyin, uMaya Lin ukwamzukisa ngokuchitha ixesha edlala ngaphandle ngelixa ejonga indawo esemazantsi mpuma eOhio.
Ulonwabo alufumana kwiinduli, imilambo, amahlathi, kunye neenduli ezisemva kwekhaya lakhe e-Ohio zazalisa bonke ubuntwana bakhe.
“Ngokuphathelele ubugcisa, ndingangena ngaphakathi entloko ndenze nantoni na endiyifunayo kwaye ndikhululeke ngokupheleleyo. Ibuyela kwiingcambu zam eAthene, eOhio, iingcambu zam kwindalo kunye nendlela endiziva ndiqhagamshelene ngayo nendawo endingqongileyo. ukukhuthazwa yindalo nokubonakalisa obo buhle kwabanye abantu,” watsho uLin kudliwano-ndlebe ngevidiyo.
Uninzi lweemodeli zakhe kunye noyilo ludlulisela izinto ezidibeneyo zendalo, izilwanyana zasendle, imozulu kunye nobugcisa, ezinye zazo zibonakaliswe kumboniso.
Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaLin owenziwe ngobunono wenyamakazi encinci yesilivere ukusuka ngo-1976 ihambelana nefoto kaLyn ka-1993 yaseGroundswell, eyenziwe e-Ohio, apho wakhetha iitoni ezingama-45 zeglasi yokhuseleko eyaphukileyo ngenxa yombala wayo. I-crease kwintsimi eNew Zealand kunye neefoto ze-Linh zokutolika kwe-Hudson River usebenzisa intsimbi. Ngamnye ngumzekelo obalaseleyo womsebenzi ojongene nokusingqongileyo uLin usebenze kanzima ukuwudala.
U-Lin uthe wahlakulela ukuthanda ukukhuselwa kwendalo esemncinane, yiyo loo nto wazibophelelayo ekwakheni ilitye lesikhumbuzo likaMama weNdalo.
Ngoku eso sithembiso siyakhula kwinto uMoss ayibiza ngokuba sisikhumbuzo samva nje sokusingqongileyo sikaRingling: uthotho olusekwe kwisayensi olubizwa ngokuba “Yintoni Elahlekileyo?”
Le projekthi yemultimedia yokutshintsha kwemozulu yinxalenye yonxibelelwano yomboniso apho iindwendwe zinokurekhoda iinkumbulo zeendawo ezikhethekileyo ezilahlekileyo ngenxa yomonakalo wokusingqongileyo kwaye zizibeke kumakhadi evinyl.
"Wayenomdla kakhulu ekuqokeleleni idatha, kodwa ke wanikezela ngolwazi malunga nento esinokuyenza ukuze sitshintshe indlela esiphila ngayo kwaye siyeke umonakalo wokusingqongileyo," waqhubeka uMoss. NjengeSikhumbuzo samaVeteran aseVietnam kunye neSikhumbuzo samalungelo oluntu, uye wanxibelelana naye ngovelwano, kwaye wenze eli khadi lokusikhumbuza ukuba silikhumbule.
NgokukaFrida Lee Mok, umlawuli wenqaku eliphumelele ibhaso le-1994 iMaya Lin: Umbono ocacileyo onamandla, uyilo lukaLin luhle kwaye luyamangalisa, kwaye umsebenzi ngamnye kaLin ubonisa ubuntununtunu obugqithisileyo kumxholo kunye nendalo engqongileyo.
“Uyamangalisa kwaye xa ucinga ngale nto ayenzayo, uyenza ngokuzolileyo nangendlela yakhe,” utshilo uMock. “Akajongi ngqalelo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye abantu beza kuye kuba besazi ukuba uza kulisebenzisa eli thuba kunye nesiphiwo, italente anayo, naleyo ndiyibonileyo siyibonile sonke. . , kuya kumangalisa. .
Phakathi kwabo babeze kumbona yayingowayesakuba nguMongameli uBarack Obama, owayalela uLean ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ukuba aqingqe umzobo wofakelo lobugcisa, Ukubona Ngendalo iphela, kwizitiya zeThala leeNcwadi likaMongameli laseChicago kunye neMyuziyam. Umsebenzi unikezelwe kunina, uAnn Dunham. Ufakelo lukaLean, umthombo osembindini woMyezo wokuzola, “uya kubamba [umama] njengayo nayiphi na enye into,” utshilo u-Obama, omnye umntu, onovelwano, kunye nendalo yendalo yigcisa elaziwayo.
Ubomi bonke: Ihlathi leMaya liya kuvulela uluntu kwiGalari yeMifanekiso yeSizwe ngoAprili 16, 2023.
U-Briana A. Thomas ngumbhali-mbali ose-Washington, DC, intatheli, kunye nomkhokeli wabakhenkethi okhethekileyo kwizifundo zase-Afrika-Amerika. Ungumbhali weBlack Broadway, incwadi yembali emnyama eWashington, DC
© 2022 Smithsonian Magazine Ingxelo yaBucala yeCookie Imigaqo-nkqubo yokuSetyenziswa kweSaziso seNtengiso Lawula iMy Data Cookie Settings
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-28-2022
