Kurwanya ikwirakwizwa ryamakosa muri diode ya 4H-SiC PiN ukoresheje insimburangingo ya proton kugirango ikureho bipolar.

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4H-SiC yagurishijwe nk'ibikoresho by'ibikoresho bya semiconductor.Nyamara, igihe kirekire cyo kwizerwa cyibikoresho bya 4H-SiC ni inzitizi kubikorwa byabo byinshi, kandi ikibazo cyingenzi cyo kwizerwa cyibikoresho bya 4H-SiC ni bipolar degradation.Uku gutesha agaciro guterwa nikibazo kimwe cya Shockley cyo gutondekanya (1SSF) ikwirakwizwa ryindege yibanze muri kristu ya 4H-SiC.Hano, turasaba uburyo bwo guhagarika kwaguka kwa 1SSF dushyira proton kuri wafers ya 4H-SiC.PiN ya diode yahimbwe kuri wafers hamwe no gushiramo proton yerekanaga ibintu birasa-voltage biranga nka diode idafite proton.Ibinyuranye, kwaguka kwa 1SSF guhagarikwa neza muri diode ya proton yatewe.Gutyo, gushira proton muri 4H-SiC epitaxial wafer ni uburyo bwiza bwo guhagarika iyangirika rya bipolar yangiza ibikoresho bya semiconductor ya 4H-SiC mugihe gikomeza imikorere yibikoresho.Igisubizo kigira uruhare mugutezimbere ibikoresho byizewe cyane 4H-SiC.
Carbide ya Silicon (SiC) irazwi cyane nkibikoresho byifashishwa mu gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi, ibikoresho byinshi bya semiconductor bishobora gukorera ahantu habi1.Hariho polytypes nyinshi za SiC, murizo 4H-SiC ifite ibikoresho byiza bya semiconductor ibikoresho byumubiri nka moteri ya elegitoronike nini hamwe n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi ukomeye.Wafer ya 4H-SiC ifite umurambararo wa santimetero 6 kuri ubu iracuruzwa kandi ikoreshwa mu gukora cyane ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu za semiconductor3.Sisitemu yo gukurura ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi na gari ya moshi byahimbwe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya semiconductor ya 4H-SiC4.5.Nyamara, ibikoresho 4H-SiC biracyafite ibibazo byigihe kirekire byo kwizerwa nko gusenyuka kwa dielectric cyangwa kwizerwa ryumuzunguruko mugufi, 6,7 murimwe mubibazo byingenzi byokwizerwa ni bipolar degradation2,8,9,10,11.Uku kwangirika kwa bipolar kwavumbuwe hashize imyaka irenga 20 kandi kimaze igihe ari ikibazo muguhimba ibikoresho bya SiC.
Kwangirika kwa Bipolar biterwa nubusembwa bumwe bwa Shockley (1SSF) muri kristu ya 4H-SiC hamwe na disikuru yoherejwe nindege (BPDs) ikwirakwizwa na recombination yongerewe imbaraga zo gutandukana (REDG) 12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19.Kubwibyo, niba BPD yagutse ihagaritswe kuri 1SSF, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi 4H-SiC birashobora guhimbwa nta bipolar yangiritse.Uburyo butandukanye bwagiye buhagarika guhagarika ikwirakwizwa rya BPD, nka BPD kuri Thread Edge Dislocation (TED) ihinduka 20,21,22,23,24.Muri wafers ya SiC iheruka, BPD igaragara cyane muri substrate kandi ntabwo iri murwego rwa epitaxial kubera ihinduka rya BPD kuri TED mugihe cyambere cyo gukura kwa epitaxial.Kubwibyo, ikibazo gisigaye cyo kwangirika kwa bipolar nugukwirakwiza BPD muri substrate 25,26,27.Kwinjiza "compteur reinforcing layer" hagati ya drift layer na substrate byasabwe nkuburyo bwiza bwo guhagarika kwaguka kwa BPD muri substrate28, 29, 30, 31. Iki gipimo cyongera amahirwe yo guhuza ibice bya electron-umwobo muri epitaxial layer na SiC substrate.Kugabanya umubare wa elegitoroniki-umwobo bigabanya imbaraga zo gutwara REDG kuri BPD muri substrate, bityo igiteranyo cyo kongera imbaraga gishobora guhagarika kwangirika kwa bipolar.Twabibutsa ko kwinjiza urwego bisaba amafaranga yinyongera mugukora wafer, kandi hatabayeho gushyiramo urwego biragoye kugabanya umubare wa elegitoroniki-mwobo ukoresheje kugenzura gusa ubuzima bwabatwara ubuzima bwabo bwose.Kubwibyo, haracyakenewe cyane guteza imbere ubundi buryo bwo guhagarika kugirango tugere ku buringanire bwiza hagati yikiguzi cyo gukora ibikoresho n'umusaruro.
Kuberako kwagura BPD kuri 1SSF bisaba kugenda kwimura igice (PDs), gukubita PD nuburyo butanga ikizere cyo kubuza kwangirika kwa bipolar.Nubwo PD yometse ku byuma byavuzwe, FPDs muri substrate ya 4H-SiC iherereye ku ntera ya metero zirenga 5 uvuye hejuru ya epitaxial.Mubyongeyeho, kubera ko coefficient de diffuzione yicyuma icyo aricyo cyose muri SiC ari nto cyane, biragoye ko umwanda wibyuma ukwirakwira muri substrate34.Bitewe nubunini bwa atome nini cyane, gutera ion nabyo biragoye.Ibinyuranye, kubijyanye na hydrogène, ikintu cyoroshye cyane, ion (proton) zirashobora guterwa muri 4H-SiC kugeza ubujyakuzimu burenga 10 µm ukoresheje umuvuduko wa MeV-urwego.Kubwibyo, niba gushiramo proton bigira ingaruka kuri PD, noneho birashobora gukoreshwa muguhagarika ikwirakwizwa rya BPD muri substrate.Ariko, gushiramo proton birashobora kwangiza 4H-SiC bigatuma igabanuka ryibikoresho 37,38,39,40.
Kugira ngo utsinde kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bitewe no gushyirwaho proton, annealing yubushyuhe bwo hejuru ikoreshwa mugusana ibyangiritse, bisa nuburyo bwa annealing bukunze gukoreshwa nyuma yo guterwa ion kwakirwa mugutunganya ibikoresho1, 40, 41, 42. Nubwo ion mass spectrometrie ya kabiri (SIMS) 43 ifite raporo ya hydrogène ikwirakwizwa kubera ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, birashoboka ko ubwinshi bwa atome ya hydrogène hafi ya FD bidahagije kugirango umenye PR ukoresheje SIMS.Kubwibyo, muri ubu bushakashatsi, twashizemo proton muri wafers ya 4H-SiC mbere yo guhimba ibikoresho, harimo nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Twifashishije diode ya PiN nkibikoresho byubushakashatsi hanyuma tuyihimba kuri proton-yatewe na 4H-SiC epitaxial wafers.Twahise tureba ibiranga volt-ampere kugirango twige kwangirika kwimikorere yibikoresho kubera inshinge za proton.Nyuma, twabonye kwaguka kwa 1SSF mumashusho ya electroluminescence (EL) nyuma yo gukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi kuri diode ya PiN.Hanyuma, twemeje ingaruka zo gutera proton muguhagarika kwaguka kwa 1SSF.
Ku mutini.Igishushanyo 1 kirerekana icyerekezo - voltage kiranga (CVCs) ya diode ya PiN mubushyuhe bwicyumba mu turere hamwe no kudashyiramo proton mbere yumuriro wa pulsed.PiN ya diode hamwe ninshinge ya proton yerekana ibimenyetso byo gukosora bisa na diode idafite inshinge za proton, nubwo ibiranga IV bisangiwe hagati ya diode.Kugirango twerekane itandukaniro riri hagati yimiterere yo gutera inshinge, twateguye inshuro ya voltage kumurongo wimbere wa 2.5 A / cm2 (ihwanye na 100 mA) nkumugambi wibarurishamibare nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2. Umurongo ugereranijwe no kugabana bisanzwe nawo uhagarariwe n'umurongo utudomo.umurongo.Nkuko bigaragara kuri mpinga yimirongo, on-resistance yiyongeraho gato kuri dosiye ya proton ya 1014 na cm 1016 cm-2, mugihe diode ya PiN hamwe na proton ikabije ya cm 1012 cm-2 yerekana ibintu bisa nkaho bitatewe na proton. .Twakoze kandi proton nyuma yo guhimba diode ya PiN itagaragaje electroluminescence imwe kubera ibyangijwe no guterwa proton nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo S1 nkuko byasobanuwe mubushakashatsi bwambere 37,38,39.Kubwibyo, gufatira kuri 1600 ° C nyuma yo gushyirwaho Al ion nigikorwa cya ngombwa cyo guhimba ibikoresho kugirango ukoreshe Al yakira, ishobora gusana ibyangiritse byatewe na proton, bigatuma CVC iba imwe hagati ya diode ya proton PiN yatewe kandi idatewe. .Imiyoboro ihindagurika kuri -5 V nayo igaragara mu gishushanyo S2, nta tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati ya diode hamwe no gutera inshinge za proton.
Volt-ampere iranga PiN ya diode hamwe na proton yatewe mubushyuhe bwicyumba.Umugani werekana igipimo cya proton.
Umuvuduko wa voltage kumurongo utaziguye 2.5 A / cm2 kuri diode ya PiN hamwe na proton yatewe kandi idatewe.Umurongo utudomo uhuye nibisanzwe bikwirakwizwa.
Ku mutini.3 yerekana ishusho ya EL ya diode ya PiN hamwe nubucucike bwa 25 A / cm2 nyuma ya voltage.Mbere yo gukoresha imitwaro ihindagurika, uturere twijimye twa diode ntabwo twagaragaye, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3. C2.Ariko, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo.3a, muri diode ya PiN itatewe na proton, uturere twinshi twijimye twijimye dufite impande zoroheje byagaragaye nyuma yo gukoresha amashanyarazi.Uturere twijimye tumeze nkinkoni tugaragara mumashusho ya EL kuri 1SSF kuva kuri BPD muri substrate 28,29.Ahubwo, amakosa amwe n'amwe yagutse yagaragaye muri diode ya PiN hamwe na proton yatewe, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3b - d.Twifashishije imiterere ya X-ray, twemeje ko PRs ishobora kuva muri BPD ikajya munsi ya substrate kuri peripheri yimikoranire muri diode ya PiN itatewe inshinge (Ishusho ya 4: iyi shusho udakuyeho electrode yo hejuru (ifoto, PR munsi ya electrode ntabwo igaragara). Kubwibyo, ahantu hijimye mwishusho ya EL ihuye na 1SSF BPD yaguye muri substrate. Ahantu hijimye (ibihe bitandukanye EL amashusho ya PiN diode atatewe inshinge za proton kandi yatewe kuri cm 1014 cm-2) nayo irerekanwa mumakuru yinyongera.
EL amashusho ya diode ya PiN kuri 25 A / cm2 nyuma yamasaha 2 yumuvuduko wamashanyarazi (a) udatewe na proton hamwe na dosiye yatewe (b) cm 1012 cm-2, (c) cm 1014 cm-2 na (d) cm 1016 cm-2 proton.
Twabaze ubucucike bwagutse bwa 1SSF tubara ahantu hijimye hafite impande zijimye muri diode eshatu za PiN kuri buri kintu, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5. Ubucucike bwagutse bwa 1SSF buragabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwa proton, ndetse no ku kigero cya cm 1012 cm-2, ubucucike bwagutse 1SSF buri hasi cyane ugereranije na diode ya PiN idatewe.
Kwiyongera k'ubucucike bwa diode ya SF PiN hamwe no kudashyiramo proton nyuma yo gupakira hamwe na pulsed (buri leta yarimo diode eshatu zipakiye).
Kugabanya ubuzima bwabatwara ubuzima nabyo bigira ingaruka kumagambo yo kwaguka, kandi inshinge ya proton igabanya ubuzima bwabatwara 32,36.Twabonye ubuzima bwabatwara mubuzima bwa epitaxial 60 µm yuburebure hamwe na proton yatewe cm 1014 cm-2.Kuva mubuzima bwambere bwabatwara, nubwo gushiramo bigabanya agaciro kugeza ~ 10%, annealing nyuma iragarura ~ 50%, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo S7.Kubwibyo, ubuzima bwabatwara ubuzima bwose, bwagabanutse kubera proton yatewe, bigarurwa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Nubwo kugabanuka kwa 50% mubuzima bwabatwara nabyo bihagarika ikwirakwizwa ryamakosa yo gutondekanya, ibiranga I - V, ubusanzwe biterwa nubuzima bwabatwara, byerekana itandukaniro rito hagati ya diyode yatewe kandi idatewe.Kubwibyo, twizera ko inanga ya PD igira uruhare mukubuza kwaguka 1SSF.
Nubwo SIMS itabonye hydrogène nyuma yo gushyirwa kuri 1600 ° C, nkuko byavuzwe mubushakashatsi bwibanze, twabonye ingaruka zo guterwa proton muguhagarika kwaguka kwa 1SSF, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1 na 4. 3, 4. Kubwibyo, turizera ko PD ihambiriwe na atome ya hydrogène ifite ubucucike buri munsi yimipaka ya SIMS (2 × 1016 cm-3) cyangwa inenge zatewe no guterwa.Twabibutsa ko tutigeze twemeza ko kwiyongera kwa leta biterwa no kuramba kwa 1SSF nyuma yumutwaro urenze.Ibi birashobora guterwa na ohmic contact zidatunganijwe zakozwe dukoresheje inzira zacu, zizakurwaho mugihe cya vuba.
Mu gusoza, twateje imbere uburyo bwo kuzimya BPD kuri 1SSF muri diode ya 4H-SiC PiN dukoresheje gushiramo proton mbere yo guhimba ibikoresho.Kwangirika kwa I - V kuranga mugihe cyo gutera proton nta gaciro bifite, cyane cyane kuri dose ya proton ya cm 1012 - 2, ariko ingaruka zo guhagarika kwaguka kwa 1SSF ni ngombwa.Nubwo muri ubu bushakashatsi twahimbye 10 µm umubyimba wa PiN ya diode hamwe na proton yatewe kuri ubujyakuzimu bwa 10 µm, biracyashoboka kurushaho kunoza uburyo bwo guterwa no kubishyira mu guhimba ubundi bwoko bwibikoresho bya 4H-SiC.Ibiciro byinyongera muguhimba ibikoresho mugihe cyo gutera proton bigomba gutekerezwa, ariko bizasa nkibya aluminium ion yatewe, aribwo buryo nyamukuru bwo guhimba ibikoresho byamashanyarazi 4H-SiC.Gutyo, gushira proton mbere yo gutunganya ibikoresho nuburyo bushoboka bwo guhimba ibikoresho bya bipolar 4H-SiC bitangirika.
Icyerekezo cya 4-n-ubwoko bwa 4H-SiC wafer ifite epitaxial layer yuburebure bwa 10 µm hamwe n’umuterankunga wa doping wa cm 1 × 1016 cm - 3 yakoreshejwe nkicyitegererezo.Mbere yo gutunganya igikoresho, H + ion zashyizwe mu isahani hamwe n’ingufu yihuta ya 0,95 MeV ku bushyuhe bw’icyumba kugeza ku bujyakuzimu bwa mm 10 ku nguni isanzwe ku isahani.Mugihe cyo gutera proton, hakoreshejwe mask ku isahani, kandi isahani yari ifite ibice bitarimo kandi bifite urugero rwa proton ya 1012, 1014, cyangwa cm 1016 cm-2.Hanyuma, Al ion zifite dosiye ya proton ya cm 1020 na 1017 cm - 3 zatewe hejuru ya wafer yose kugeza ubujyakuzimu bwa 0–0.2 µm na 0.2–0.5 µm uhereye hejuru, hanyuma hagakurikiraho kuri 1600 ° C kugirango habeho capa ya karubone Ifishi ya ap.-ubwoko.Icyakurikiyeho, uruhande rwinyuma Ni rwashyizwe kumurongo wa substrate, mugihe 2.0 mm × 2.0 mm ya ti / Al ya ti / Al imbere ihuza ibice byakozwe na Photolithography hamwe nigishishwa cyashyizwe kuruhande rwa epitaxial.Hanyuma, guhuza annealing bikorwa mubushyuhe bwa 700 ° C.Nyuma yo gukata wafer muri chip, twakoze kuranga stress no kuyishyira mubikorwa.
Ibiranga I - V biranga diode yahimbwe byagaragaye hakoreshejwe isesengura rya HP4155B ya semiconductor.Nkumuriro wamashanyarazi, milisegonda 10 ya pulsed ya 212.5 A / cm2 yatangijwe mumasaha 2 kumurongo wa pulses 10 / amasegonda.Mugihe twahisemo ubucucike buke cyangwa inshuro nyinshi, ntitwabonye kwaguka kwa 1SSF ndetse no muri diode ya PiN tutatewe inshinge.Mugihe amashanyarazi akoreshwa, ubushyuhe bwa diode ya PiN ni 70 ° C nta gushyushya nkana, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo S8.Amashusho ya Electroluminescent yabonetse mbere na nyuma yumuriro wamashanyarazi kuri ubu bwa 25 A / cm2.Synchrotron yerekana ubwatsi bwo kurisha X-ray topografiya ukoresheje urumuri rwa X-ray (λ = 0.15 nm) mukigo cya Aichi Synchrotron Imirasire, ag vector muri BL8S2 ni -1-128 cyangwa 11-28 (reba reba 44 kubisobanuro birambuye) .).
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-06-2022